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醫(yī)學(xué)論文范文:兒童期虐待史自評(píng)量表（PRCA)在高中生的初步應(yīng)用
【摘要】 探討兒童期虐待史自評(píng)量表(Personal Report of Childhood Abuse,PRCA)在高中生的應(yīng)用效果和受虐待情況，并進(jìn)行信度、效度分析。方法 采用編制的PRCA對(duì)240例高中生進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，分析PRCA的內(nèi)部一致性，重測(cè)信度，內(nèi)容效度及校標(biāo)效度。結(jié)果 PRCA的虐待總分及各因子的Cronbach’s α系數(shù)為0.75～0.90，重測(cè)信度為0.32～0.59(P<0.01)。各因子之間相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.19～0.68(P<0.01)，各因子與總分相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.78～0.87(P<0.01)。虐待總分與心理問(wèn)題的影響、自傷行為、自殺行為和自殺意念的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.22～0.40(P<0.01)。與男生相比，女生的受虐待率較高(72.7% vs. 52.6%，P<0.01)，受虐待程度較重(總分：141.7 vs. 108.2，P<0.01)。結(jié)論 PRCA表具有較好的信度、效度，可作為高中生進(jìn)行受虐待情況調(diào)查的自評(píng)工具。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 兒童期虐待史自評(píng)量表 信度 效度 高中生
The reliability and validity of a personal report of childhood abuse
in senior high school students
ZHU Xianghua1，2, ZHAO Houfeng1，2, LI Jiao1, ZHU Jing1， GENG Deqin3
(1.Department of Psychology, People′s Dongfang Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China;
2.Xuzhou Mental Health Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004;3.Department of Neurology,
Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002)
Abstract： Objective To develop a Personal Report of Childhood Abuse (PRCA) in senior high school students and study its reliability and validity. Methods 240 students of senior high school were assigned to fill the Personal Report of Childhood Abuse. The internal reliability, test-retest reliability and the validity of PRCA were then analysed. Results The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the PRCA was 0.75-0.90. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.32-0.59(P<0.01). The correlation coefficient among the factors of PRCA ranged from 0.19 to 0.68(P<0.01). The total score of PRCA was significantly related to autolesionism, suicide, suicidal idea and mental problems (r=0.22-0.40, P<0.01). The prevalence of abuse was higher in female students than in male students (72.7% vs. 52.6%, χ2=9.38，P<0.01 ); and so was the total score of PRCA (141.7 vs. 108.2，U=3.72，P<0.01). Conclusion The present PRCA shows acceptable reliability and validity as a self-report measure for childhood abuse experience in senior high school students.
Key words: Personal Report of Childhood Abuse; reliability; validity; senior high school students
國(guó)外學(xué)者在兒童期虐待的評(píng)估方面已經(jīng)做了大量研究。近幾年，國(guó)內(nèi)相繼引進(jìn)了兒童期虐待史問(wèn)卷(CECA.Q)和兒童期創(chuàng)傷問(wèn)卷(CTQ-SF，也稱兒童期虐待問(wèn)卷)[1～3]，也出現(xiàn)了自編的童年期虐待經(jīng)歷問(wèn)卷和兒童受虐篩查表[4～5]。但是，目前國(guó)內(nèi)還沒(méi)有同時(shí)具有以下特點(diǎn)的量表：①通過(guò)虐待行為的頻度和嚴(yán)重程度共同界定兒童虐待;②對(duì)虐待的分類與WHO兒童虐待的定義[6]相符合;③適合于被試者進(jìn)行自評(píng);④適合于高中生使用。在前期研究中，我們根據(jù)WHO對(duì)兒童虐待的定義和分類編制了適合小學(xué)生使用的《兒童期虐待史自評(píng)量表》(Personal Report of Childhood Abuse，PRCA)，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)其信度與效度較好[7]。因此，我們對(duì)PRCA在高中生中的使用進(jìn)行了信度與效度檢驗(yàn)。
