十三、呼吸Resp., 咳嗽Cough, 痰Sputum
（1)他訴說被呼吸困難苦惱了好多天。
He complains of difficulty of breathing, which annoyed him for several days.
※呼吸
-呼吸困難 breathe hard (with difficulty) ; have difficulty in breathing ( respiration)
-呼吸困難 dyspnea (夜間性 nocturnal, 發(fā)作性paroxysmal)
-安靜時（運動性)呼吸困難 dyspnea at rest (on exertion)
-常發(fā)生發(fā)作性夜間呼吸困難 frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-呼吸困難突然厲害起來 have sudden increase in dyspnea
-患輕微的運動性呼吸困難 have some mild exertional dyspnea
-患急性呼吸困難 have an acute attack of dyspnea
-無呼吸困難 have no respiratory embarrassment
-偶有心悸 have occasional palpitations
-心悸反復發(fā)生 have recurrent episodes of palpations
Ex1:第2天早晨，病人呼吸變?yōu)榉浅＠щy和衰弱。
The next morning the patient became extremely dyspneic and weak.
Ex2:走快或上樓梯時，他總是氣促的。
He always becomes short-winded when walking hastily or going up stairs.
（2)這個病人常常咳嗽，并且吐出灰色的臭痰。
The patient coughs very often and expectorates foul-smelling grayish sputum.
※咳嗽醫(yī)學全在線www.med126.com
-種類 short, sharp, small, dry(hasty), moist, constant, painful, irritable, spasmodic, wheezing, distressed, rasping
-咳個不停 have a fit of coughing; cough oneself into a fit (fits)
-苦咳個不停 have a hard (racking; convulsive) cough
-患4天干燥發(fā)作性咳嗽 experience a 4-day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.
-2歲時開始有間歇性煩咳 intermittent hacking cough started at 2 years old
-咳嗽減少了 one＇s cough diminished
-發(fā)生輕度無痰的干咳 develop slight nonproductive cough
-有點（很多)咯血 have minimal (massive) hemoptysis.
-咯出一點血 cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood
-開始咯出黑血斑點 began coughing op flecks of dark blood
-嘔血 vomit blood
Ex1:他偶而咳嗽，但不曾感覺胸部痛、發(fā)燒或體重減輕。
He coughed occasionally, but he has never experienced pain in the thorax, fever, or loss of weight.
Ex2:最近6個月，他的咳嗽一直帶有輕微咯血。
For the last 6 months, he has been coughing with slight hemoptysis.
※痰
-種類 thin, thick, fetid, serous, frothy, tenacious, viscous, mucous( mucoid), mucopurulent, transparent, seropurulent, rusty醫(yī)學全在線www.med126.com
-中等量（多量、大量)帶有灰白色痰的咳嗽 moderate amounts ( a great deal, large quantities) of grayish-white sputum
-痰涌上咽喉，有酸味 phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour
-痰堵住嗓子了 phlegm blocked the windpipe
-半杯黃色痰 one half cup of yellowish sputum
-吐膿性，偶而帶血的痰 produce purulent, occasionally blood-tinged sputum
-開始有點咳嗽，并且有約3公撮的血痰 began to have some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.
-一點也咳不出痰 do not raise any phlegm at all
-咳痰停止了 expectoration ceased
Ex1:他開始有少量帶血絲的痰。
He began to expectorate small amounts of blood-streaked sputum.
Ex2:他的咳嗽已經(jīng)不像以前那樣厲害，痰里也不再有血斑了。
His cough was not so severe as it had been and sputum was no longer flecked with blood.
